The air-mass sensors measure the fresh air mass drawn in by the engine in both intake channels.
The air mass serves as a measurement variable in the DDE control unit for the following functions:
The DDE control units supply the mass air flow sensors with voltage and ground as follows:
The intake air temperature sensors return the air mass values to the DDE control units via the signals T_HFM1/T_HFM2.
The signal of the air-mass sensors is a square-wave signal with the following values:
The DDE control unit uses the frequency of this signal to calculate the air mass value with the unit mg/stroke.
Fault reactions: